Ver contexto
éstos eran, entre los hijos de Gad, jefes del ejército; el menor mandaba sobre cien, y el mayor sobre mil.
(I Crónicas 12, 15) © Nueva Biblia de Jerusalén (Desclee, 1998)

BHSEk - Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia (Enhanced; KJV versification)

אֵ֣לֶּה‎(אֵלֶּה)

Hebrew|ʔˈēlleh|these

Part-of-speech: demonstrative pronoun
Gender: unknown
Number: plural
Person: not applicable
State: not applicable
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable


[H428] [a.dk.aa] [92]
[אלה] [GES409] [BDB429] [HAL445]

הֵ֗ם‎(הֵם)

Hebrew|hˈēm|they

Part-of-speech: personal pronoun
Gender: masculine
Number: plural
Person: third person
State: not applicable
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable


[H1992] [e.bs.aa] [504]
[הם] [GES1922] [BDB2147] [HAL2141]

אֲשֶׁ֨ר‎(אֲשֶׁר)

Hebrew|ʔᵃšˌer|[relative]

Part-of-speech: conjunction
Gender: not applicable
Number: not applicable
Person: not applicable
State: not applicable
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable


[H834] [a.gk.aa] [184]
[אשר] [GES812] [BDB872] [HAL890]

עָבְר֤וּ‎(עָבַר)

Hebrew|ʕāvᵊrˈû|pass

Part-of-speech: verb
Gender: unknown
Number: plural
Person: third person
State: not applicable
Verbal tense: perfect
Verbal stem: qal


[H5674] [p.ah.aa] [1556]
[עבר] [GES5627] [BDB6220] [HAL6137]

אֶת‎(אֵת)

Hebrew|ʔeṯ-|[object marker]

Part-of-speech: preposition
Gender: not applicable
Number: not applicable
Person: not applicable
State: not applicable
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable


[H853] [a.gm.aa] [186]
[את] [GES828] [BDB894] [HAL913]

הַ‎(הַ)

Hebrew|ha|the

Part-of-speech: article
Gender: not applicable
Number: not applicable
Person: not applicable
State: not applicable
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable


[e.ab.aa] [459]
[ה] [GES1804] [BDB2019] [HAL2031]

יַּרְדֵּן֙‎(יַרְדֵּן)

Hebrew|yyardˌēn|Jordan

Part-of-speech: proper noun
Gender: unknown
Number: singular
Person: not applicable
State: absolute
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable


[H3383] [j.dh.ad]
[ירדן] [GES3266] [BDB3650] [HAL3616]

בַּ‎(בְּ)

Hebrew|ba|in

Part-of-speech: preposition
Gender: not applicable
Number: not applicable
Person: not applicable
State: not applicable
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable


[b.ab.aa] [193]
[ב] [GES855] [BDB923] [HAL939]

‎(הַ)

Hebrew||the

Part-of-speech: article
Gender: not applicable
Number: not applicable
Person: not applicable
State: not applicable
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable


[e.ab.aa] [459]
[ה] [GES1804] [BDB2019] [HAL2031]

חֹ֣דֶשׁ‎(חֹדֶשׁ)

Hebrew|ḥˈōḏeš|month

Part-of-speech: noun
Gender: masculine
Number: singular
Person: not applicable
State: absolute
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable


[H2320] [h.aw.ac] [613b]
[חדש] [GES2261] [BDB2522] [HAL2522]

הָ‎(הַ)

Hebrew|hā|the

Part-of-speech: article
Gender: not applicable
Number: not applicable
Person: not applicable
State: not applicable
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable


[e.ab.aa] [459]
[ה] [GES1804] [BDB2019] [HAL2031]

רִאשֹׁ֔ון‎(רִאשֹׁון)

Hebrew|rišˈôn|first

Part-of-speech: adjective
Gender: masculine
Number: singular
Person: not applicable
State: absolute
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable


[H7223] [t.ad.ad] [2097c]
[ראשון] [GES7188] [BDB7916] [HAL7833]

וְ‎(וְ)

Hebrew|wᵊ|and

Part-of-speech: conjunction
Gender: not applicable
Number: not applicable
Person: not applicable
State: not applicable
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable


[f.ab.aa] [519]
[ו] [GES1991] [BDB2226] [HAL2241]

ה֥וּא‎(הוּא)

Hebrew|hˌû|he

Part-of-speech: personal pronoun
Gender: masculine
Number: singular
Person: third person
State: not applicable
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable


[H1931] [e.aw.aa] [480]
[הוא] [GES1856] [BDB2078] [HAL2078]

מְמַלֵּ֖א‎(מָלֵא)

Hebrew|mᵊmallˌē|be full

Part-of-speech: verb
Gender: masculine
Number: singular
Person: unknown
State: absolute
Verbal tense: participle
Verbal stem: pi“el


[H4390] [m.bz.aa] [1195]
[מלא] [GES4311] [BDB4810] [HAL4728]

עַל‎(עַל)

Hebrew|ʕal-|upon

Part-of-speech: preposition
Gender: not applicable
Number: not applicable
Person: not applicable
State: not applicable
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable


[H5921] [k.bg.ac] [1624p]
[על] [GES5848] [BDB6471] [HAL6395]

כָּל‎(כֹּל)

Hebrew|kol-|whole

Part-of-speech: noun
Gender: masculine
Number: singular
Person: not applicable
State: construct
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable


[H3605] [k.bn.ab] [985a]
[כל] [GES3499] [BDB3904] [HAL3872]

גְּדֹותָ֑יו‎(גִּדְיָה)

Hebrew|*gᵊḏôṯˈāʸw|bank

Part-of-speech: noun
Gender: feminine
Number: plural
Person: not applicable
State: absolute
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable


[H1415] [c.ap.ab] [314a]
[גדיה] [GES1320] [BDB1518] [HAL1524]

וַ‎(וְ)

Hebrew|wa|and

Part-of-speech: conjunction
Gender: not applicable
Number: not applicable
Person: not applicable
State: not applicable
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable


[f.ab.aa] [519]
[ו] [GES1991] [BDB2226] [HAL2241]

יַּבְרִ֨יחוּ֙‎(בָּרַח)

Hebrew|yyavrˈîḥû|run away

Part-of-speech: verb
Gender: masculine
Number: plural
Person: third person
State: not applicable
Verbal tense: wayyiqtol
Verbal stem: hif‘il


[H1272] [b.dc.aa] [284]
[ברח] [GES1168] [BDB1343] [HAL1349]

אֶת‎(אֵת)

Hebrew|ʔeṯ-|[object marker]

Part-of-speech: preposition
Gender: not applicable
Number: not applicable
Person: not applicable
State: not applicable
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable


[H853] [a.gm.aa] [186]
[את] [GES828] [BDB894] [HAL913]

כָּל‎(כֹּל)

Hebrew|kol-|whole

Part-of-speech: noun
Gender: masculine
Number: singular
Person: not applicable
State: construct
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable


[H3605] [k.bn.ab] [985a]
[כל] [GES3499] [BDB3904] [HAL3872]

הָ֣‎(הַ)

Hebrew|hˈā|the

Part-of-speech: article
Gender: not applicable
Number: not applicable
Person: not applicable
State: not applicable
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable


[e.ab.aa] [459]
[ה] [GES1804] [BDB2019] [HAL2031]

עֲמָקִ֔ים‎(עֵמֶק)

Hebrew|ʕᵃmāqˈîm|valley

Part-of-speech: noun
Gender: masculine
Number: plural
Person: not applicable
State: absolute
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable


[H6010] [p.dm.ab] [1644a]
[עמק] [GES5934] [BDB6558] [HAL6484]

לַ‎(לְ)

Hebrew|la|to

Part-of-speech: preposition
Gender: not applicable
Number: not applicable
Person: not applicable
State: not applicable
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable


[l.aa.ab] [1063]
[ל] [GES3706] [BDB4135] [HAL4089]

‎(הַ)

Hebrew||the

Part-of-speech: article
Gender: not applicable
Number: not applicable
Person: not applicable
State: not applicable
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable


[e.ab.aa] [459]
[ה] [GES1804] [BDB2019] [HAL2031]

מִּזְרָ֖ח‎(מִזְרָח)

Hebrew|mmizrˌāḥ|sunrise

Part-of-speech: noun
Gender: masculine
Number: singular
Person: not applicable
State: absolute
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable


[H4217] [g.cj.aj] [580c]
[מזרח] [GES4141] [BDB4617] [HAL4544]

וְ‎(וְ)

Hebrew|wᵊ|and

Part-of-speech: conjunction
Gender: not applicable
Number: not applicable
Person: not applicable
State: not applicable
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable


[f.ab.aa] [519]
[ו] [GES1991] [BDB2226] [HAL2241]

לַֽ‎(לְ)

Hebrew|lˈa|to

Part-of-speech: preposition
Gender: not applicable
Number: not applicable
Person: not applicable
State: not applicable
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable


[l.aa.ab] [1063]
[ל] [GES3706] [BDB4135] [HAL4089]

‎(הַ)

Hebrew||the

Part-of-speech: article
Gender: not applicable
Number: not applicable
Person: not applicable
State: not applicable
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable


[e.ab.aa] [459]
[ה] [GES1804] [BDB2019] [HAL2031]

מַּעֲרָֽב‎(מַעֲרָב)

Hebrew|mmaʕᵃrˈāv|sunset

Part-of-speech: noun
Gender: masculine
Number: singular
Person: not applicable
State: absolute
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable


[H4628] [p.ff.ad] [1689b]
[מערב] [GES4543] [BDB5073] [HAL4979]

King James Version (KJVO) (1611)



Chapter XII.

1 The companies that came to Dauid at Ziklag. 23 The armies that came to him at Hebron.
1 Now [ 1Sa_27:1.] these are they that came to Dauid to Ziklag [ Hebrew: being yet shut vp.] while hee yet kept himselfe close, because of Saul the sonne of Kish: and they were among the mighty men, helpers of the warre.
2 They were armed with bowes, and could vse both the right hand and the left, in hurling stones, and shooting arrowes out of a bow, euen of Sauls brethren of Beniamin.
3 The chiefe was Ahiezer, then Ioash the sonnes of [ Or, Hasmaa.] Shemaah the Gibeathite, and Ieziel, and Pelet, the sonnes of Azmaueth, and Berachah, and Iehu the Antothite,
4 And Ismaiah the Gibeonite, a mightie man among the thirtie, and ouer the thirtie, and Ieremiah, and Iahaziel, and Iohanan, and Iosabad the Gederathite,
5 Eleuzai, and Ierimoth, and Bealiath, and Shemariah, and Shephatiah the Haruphite,
6 Elkanah, and Iesiah, and Azariel, and Ioezer, and Iashobeam, the Korhites,
7 And Ioelah, and Zebadiah the sonnes of Ieroam of Gedor.
8 And of the Gadites there separated themselues vnto Dauid, into the hold to the wildernesse, men of might, and men [ Hebrew: of the hoste.] of warre, fit for the battel, that could handle shield and buckler, whose faces were like the faces of Lyons, and were [ Hebrew: as the Roes vpon the mountaines to make haste.] as swift as the Roes vpon the mountaines:
9 Ezer the first, Obadiah the second, Eliab the third,
10 Mashmannah the fourth, Ieremiah the fift,
11 Atthai the sixt, Eliel the seuenth,
12 Iohanan the eighth, Elzabad the ninth,
13 Ieremiah the tenth, Machbanai the eleuenth.
14 These were of the sonnes of Gad,

[Dauids helpers to make him king.]

captaines of the hoste: [ Or, one that was least could resist an hundred, and the greatest a thousand .] one of the least was ouer an hundred, and the greatest, ouer a thousand.
15 These are they that went ouer Iorden in the first moneth, when it had [ Hebrew: filled ouer.] ouerflowen all his [ Jos_3:15 .] bankes, and they put to flight all them of the valleis, both toward the East, and toward the West.
16 And there came of the children of Beniamin, and Iudah, to the hold vnto Dauid.
17 And Dauid went out [ Hebrew: before them.] to meete them, and answered and sayd vnto them: If yee bee come peaceably vnto me to helpe me, mine heart shall [ Hebrew: be one.] be knit vnto you: but if yee be come to betray me to mine enemies, seeing there is no [ Or, violence.] wrong in mine hands: the God of our fathers looke thereon, and rebuke it.
18 Then [ Hebrew: the Sprit clothed Amasai.] the spirit came vpon Amasai, who was chiefe of the captaines, and he sayd, Thine are we, Dauid, and on thy side, thou sonne of Iesse: Peace, peace be vnto thee, and peace be to thine helpers; for thy God helpeth thee. Then Dauid receiued them, and made them captaines of the band.
19 And there fell some of Manasseh to Dauid, when he came with the Philistines against Saul to battell, but they helped them not. For the Lords of the Philistines, vpon aduisement, sent him away, saying, [ 1Sa_29:4 .] Hee will fall to his master Saul, [ Hebrew: on our heads.] to the ieopardie of our heads.
20 As he went to Ziklag, there fell to him of Manasseh, Adnah, and Iozabad, and Iediel, and Michael, and Iozabad, and Elihu, and Zilthai, captaines of the thousands that were of Manasseh.
21 And they helped Dauid [ Or, with a band.] against the band of the Rouers: for they were all mighty men of valour, and were captaines in the hoste.
22 For at that time day by day, there came to Dauid to helpe him, vntill it was a great hoste, like the hoste of God.
23 And these are the numbers of the [ Or, captaines, or, men. Hebrew: heads.] bands, that were ready armed to the warre, and came to Dauid to Hebron, to turne the kingdome of Saul to him, according to the word of the Lord.
24 The children of Iudah that bare shield, and speare, were sixe thousand, and eight hundred, readie [ Or, prepared.] armed to the warre.

[Dauids helpers to make him king.]

25 Of the children of Simeon, mighty men of valour for the warre, seuen thousand and one hundred.
26 Of the children of Leui, foure thousand and sixe hundred.
27 And Iehoiada was the leader of the Aaronits, and with him were three thousand, and seuen hundred.
28 And Zadok a young man mightie of valour, and of his fathers house twentie and two captaines.
29 And of the children of Beniamin the [ Hebrew: brethren.] kinred of Saul three thousand: for hitherto [ Hebrew: a multitude of them.] the greatest part of them had kept the ward of the house of Saul.
30 And of the children of Ephraim, twentie thousand, and eight hundred, mightie men of valour, [ Hebrew: men of names.] famous throughout the house of their fathers.
31 And of the halfe tribe of Manasseh, eighteene thousand, which were expressed by name, to come and make Dauid king.
32 And of the children of Issachar, which were men that had vnderstanding of the times, to know what Israel ought to doe: the heads of them were two hundred, and all their brethren were at their commandement.
33 Of Zebulun, such as went foorth to battell, [ Or rangers of battell, or ranged in battell.] expert in warre, with all instruments of warre, fifty thousand, which could [ Or, set the battell in aray.] keepe ranke: They were [ Hebrew: without a heart and a heart.] not of double heart.
34 And of Naphtali a thousand captaines, and with them, with shield and speare, thirtie and seuen thousand.
35 And of the Danites, expert in war, twentie and eight thousand, and sixe hundred.
36 And of Asher, such as went foorth to battell, [ Or, keeping their ranke.] expert in warre, fourtie thousand.
37 And on the other side of Iorden, of the Reubenites, & the Gadites, and of the halfe tribe of Manasseh, with all maner of instruments of warre for the battell, an hundred and twentie thousand.
38 All these men of warre, that could keepe ranke, came with a perfect heart to Hebron, to make Dauid king ouer all Israel: and all the rest also of Israel, were of one heart to make Dauid king.
39 And there they were with Dauid three dayes, eating and drinking: for their brethren had prepared for them.
40 Moreouer, they that were nigh them, euen vnto Issachar, and Zebulun,

[Uzzassaine.]

and Naphtali brought bread on asses, and on camels, and on mules, and on oxen, and [ Or, vitaile of meale.] meat, meale, cakes of figs, and bunches of raisins, and wine, and oyle, and oxen, and sheepe abundantly: for there was ioy in Israel.

Biblia Comentada, Profesores de Salamanca (BAC, 1965)



Los amigos de primera hora (12:1-22).
1 Estos son los que vinieron a unirse a David en Siceleg, cuando estaba alejado de Saúl, hijo de Quis, y fueron parte de los valientes que le prestaron su ayuda durante la guerra. 2 Eran arqueros y tiraban piedras lo mismo con la mano derecha que con la izquierda, y disparaban flechas con el arco. Eran de Benjamín, del número de los hermanos de Saúl. 3 El jefe era Ajie-zar; Joás, hijo de Sema, de Guibea; Jeriel y Pelet, hijos de Azma-vet; Beraèa; Jehú, de Anatot; 4 Jismaeya, de Gabaón, valiente entre los treinta y jefe de los treinta; Jeremías, Jajaziel, Jojanán, Jozabad, de Gueder; 5 Eluzai, Jerimot, Bealia, Semarías, Se-fatías, de Jarif; 6 Elcana, Jizjiva, Azazel, Joezer y Jesobeam, corejitas; 7 Joela y Zebadías, hijos de Jerojam, de Guedor. 8 También entre los gaditas fueron hombres valientes a unirse a David, en la fortaleza del desierto, soldados diestros en la guerra, armados de escudo y lanza, semejantes a leones y ligeros como cabras monteses. 9 ézer, el jefe; Abdías, el segundo; Eliab, el tercero; 10 Mismana, el cuarto; Jeremías, el quinto; 11 Ataí el sexto; Eliel, el séptimo; 12 Jojanán, el octavo; Elzabad, el noveno; 13 Jeremías, el décimo; Macbanai, el undécimo. 14 Eran hijos de Gad, jefes del ejército. Uno solo, el menor de todos, era capaz de atacar a cien hombres, y el mayor, a mil. 15 Estos fueron los que pasaron el Jordán en el mes primero, cuando se desbordaba por todas sus márgenes, y pusieron en fuga a todos los habitantes de los valles, a oriente y a occidente.16 Hubo también de entre los hijos de Benjamín y de Judá quienes se unieron a David en la fortaleza. 17 David les salió al encuentro y les dijo: Si venís a mí con buenas intenciones, para ayudarme, mi corazón se apegará a vosotros; pero, si es para engañarme en provecho de mis enemigos, estando mis manos limpias de iniquidad, véalo el Dios de nuestros padres y que El os lo demande. 18 Entonces se revistió del espíritu Amasaí, que era el jefe, y dijo: A ti y a tu pueblo, hijo de Isaí, paz. Paz, paz a ti y paz a cuantos te ayudan, pues te ayuda a ti tu Dios. David los recibió y los hizo jefes de las tropas. 19 También de los hijos de Manases vinieron a unirse a David cuando vino con los filisteos a la batalla contra Saúl, aunque no combatió, porque los príncipes de los filisteos, habido consejo, le despidieron diciendo: Se pasaría a Saúl con peligro de nuestras cabezas. 20 Cuando retornó a Siceleg, éstos fueron los que de Manases se le unieron: Adnas, Jozabad, Jediael, Micael, Jozabad, Eliú y Siltaí, jefes de millares de Manases. 21 Ayudaron a David contra las bandas de ladrones, pues eran todos hombres valerosos, y vinieron a ser jefes en el ejército. 22 De día en día llegaban gentes a unirse a David, hasta que vino a tener un gran ejército, como un ejército de Dios.

En 1Sa_27:2; 1Sa_30:1ss se nos presenta a David rodeado de unos seiscientos guerreros, cuyos nombres dejó en el olvido el autor, y que ha recogido en parte el de las Crónicas, sacándolos o de algún escrito o retransmitidos por tradición oral.

Los que le proclamaron rey (1Sa_12:23-40).
23 He aquí el número de hombres de guerra que, armados, vinieron a David, a Hebrón, para transferirle el reino de Saúl, según el mandato de Yahvé: 24 Hijos de Judá armados de escudo y lanza, seis mil ochocientos hombres de guerra.25 De los hijos de Simeón, hombres valerosos para la guerra, siete mil ciento. 26 De los hijos de Leví, cuatro mil seiscientos; 27 y Joya-da, príncipe de Aarón, y con él tres mil setecientos; 28 y Sadoc, joven valeroso, con veintidós de los principales de la casa de su padre. 29 De los hijos de Benjamín, hermano de Saúl, tres mil, pues hasta entonces la mayor parte de ellos habían permanecido fieles a la casa de Saúl. 30 De los hijos de Efraím, veinte mil ochocientos hombres valientes, gentes de renombre, según las casas de sus padres. 31 De la media tribu de Manases, dieciocho mil, que fueron nominalmente designados para ir a proclamar rey a David. 32 De los hijos de Isacar, doscientos jefes, hombres inteligentes, sabedores de lo que había de hacer Israel, y cuyo consejo era respetado por todos. 33 De Zabulón, cincuenta mil, en estado de tomar las armas y provistos de toda clase de armas para el combate, prestos a librar batalla con ánimo resuelto. 34 De Neftalí, mil jefes, y con ellos treinta y siete mil soldados, que llevaban escudo y lanza. 35 De Dan, armados para la guerra, veintiocho mil seiscientos. 36 De Aser, hombres de guerra prestos para el combate, cuarenta mil. 37 Y del otro lado del Jordán, de los rubenitas, gaditas y de la media tribu de Manases, ciento veinte mil armados de todas armas. 38 Todos estos hombres, gente de guerra, prestos para el combate, llegaron a Hebrón con leal corazón para hacer a David rey de todo Israel, y todo el resto de Israel estaba igualmente unánime en querer a David por rey. 39 Estuvieron allí tres días con David, comiendo y bebiendo, pues sus hermanos los habían provisto de víveres, 40 y aun los que habitaban cerca, hasta Isacar y Zabulón y Neftalí, trajeron, en asnos, camellos, mulos y bueyes, pan, harina, masa de higos y pasas, vino, aceite, bueyes y ovejas en abundancia, porque Israel estaba en alegría.

En 2 Sam c.24 se habla del censo del pueblo hecho por David; el que reproduce nuestro texto está calcado en Núm c.1-3; c.26, y es propio del cronista.

La Biblia de Nuestro Pueblo (Liturgical Press, 2006),

Partidarios de David. El capítulo posee dos grandes listas. Una primera de 12,1-23 donde se menciona a las tribus de Benjamín (2-8), Gad (9-16), Benjamín y Judá (17-19) y Manasés (20-22). Y una segunda de 12,24-38 donde se mencionan todas las tribus de Israel. El sentido de estas listas es proclamar a David como «rey de todo Israel» (39). De esta manera el Cronista retoma la idea de unidad, mostrando a Israel ya compacto en torno a David.

Torres Amat (1825)



[3] Estos oficiales se llamaban los Treinta. 2 Sam 23, 8-13.

[21] De los amalecitas que saquearon Siceleg. 1 Sam 30, 1.

Dios Habla Hoy (Sociedades Bíblicas Unidas, 1996)



Dios Habla Hoy 1996 Notes:



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