וְ‎（וְ）

Hebrew｜wᵊ｜and

---

Part-of-speech: conjunction
Gender: not applicable
Number: not applicable
Person: not applicable
State: not applicable
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable

---

[f.ab.aa] [519]

---

[ו] [GES1991] [BDB2226] [HAL2241]

הִנֵּ֡ה‎（הִנֵּה）

Hebrew｜hinnˈē｜behold

---

Part-of-speech: interjection
Gender: not applicable
Number: not applicable
Person: not applicable
State: not applicable
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable

---

[H2009] [e.bz.ab] [510a]

---

[הנה] [GES1942] [BDB2166] [HAL2163]

אֲמַרְיָ֣הוּ‎（אֲמַרְיָהוּ）

Hebrew｜ʔᵃmaryˈāhû｜Amariah

---

Part-of-speech: proper noun
Gender: masculine
Number: singular
Person: not applicable
State: absolute
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable

---

[H568] [a.ea.aj]

---

[אמריהו] [GES546] [BDB569] [HAL595]

כֹהֵן֩‎（כֹּהֵן）

Hebrew｜ḵōhˌēn｜priest

---

Part-of-speech: noun
Gender: masculine
Number: singular
Person: not applicable
State: construct
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable

---

[H3548] [k.as.ab] [959a]

---

[כהן] [GES3443] [BDB3837] [HAL3812]

הָ‎（הַ）

Hebrew｜hā｜the

---

Part-of-speech: article
Gender: not applicable
Number: not applicable
Person: not applicable
State: not applicable
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable

---

[e.ab.aa] [459]

---

[ה] [GES1804] [BDB2019] [HAL2031]

רֹ֨אשׁ‎（רֹאשׁ）

Hebrew｜rˌōš｜head

---

Part-of-speech: noun
Gender: masculine
Number: singular
Person: not applicable
State: absolute
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable

---

[H7218] [t.ad.aa] [2097]

---

[ראש] [GES7185] [BDB7913] [HAL7830]

עֲלֵיכֶ֜ם‎（עַל）

Hebrew｜ʕᵃlêḵˈem｜upon

---

Part-of-speech: preposition
Gender: not applicable
Number: not applicable
Person: not applicable
State: not applicable
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable

---

[H5921] [k.bg.ac] [1624p]

---

[על] [GES5848] [BDB6471] [HAL6395]

לְ‎（לְ）

Hebrew｜lᵊ｜to

---

Part-of-speech: preposition
Gender: not applicable
Number: not applicable
Person: not applicable
State: not applicable
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable

---

[l.aa.ab] [1063]

---

[ל] [GES3706] [BDB4135] [HAL4089]

כֹ֣ל‎（כֹּל）

Hebrew｜ḵˈōl｜whole

---

Part-of-speech: noun
Gender: masculine
Number: singular
Person: not applicable
State: construct
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable

---

[H3605] [k.bn.ab] [985a]

---

[כל] [GES3499] [BDB3904] [HAL3872]

דְּבַר‎（דָּבָר）

Hebrew｜dᵊvar-｜word

---

Part-of-speech: noun
Gender: masculine
Number: singular
Person: not applicable
State: construct
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable

---

[H1697] [d.ai.ab] [399a]

---

[דבר] [GES1603] [BDB1811] [HAL1822]

יְהוָ֗ה‎（יהוה）

Hebrew｜[yᵊhwˈāh]｜YHWH

---

Part-of-speech: proper noun
Gender: masculine
Number: singular
Person: not applicable
State: absolute
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable

---

[H3068] [e.az.ae] [484a]

---

[יהוה] [GES2969] [BDB3312] [HAL3292]

וּ‎（וְ）

Hebrew｜û｜and

---

Part-of-speech: conjunction
Gender: not applicable
Number: not applicable
Person: not applicable
State: not applicable
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable

---

[f.ab.aa] [519]

---

[ו] [GES1991] [BDB2226] [HAL2241]

זְבַדְיָ֨הוּ‎（זְבַדְיָהוּ）

Hebrew｜zᵊvaḏyˌāhû｜Zebadiah

---

Part-of-speech: proper noun
Gender: masculine
Number: singular
Person: not applicable
State: absolute
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable

---

[H2069] [g.ad.ai]

---

[זבדיהו] [GES2013] [BDB2253] [HAL2270]

בֶן‎（בֵּן）

Hebrew｜ven-｜son

---

Part-of-speech: noun
Gender: masculine
Number: singular
Person: not applicable
State: construct
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable

---

[H1121] [b.ca.aa] [254]

---

[בן] [GES1052] [BDB1189] [HAL1201]

יִשְׁמָעֵ֜אל‎（יִשְׁמָעֵאל）

Hebrew｜yišmāʕˈēl｜Ishmael

---

Part-of-speech: proper noun
Gender: masculine
Number: singular
Person: not applicable
State: absolute
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable

---

[H3458] [v.ed.au]

---

[ישמעאל] [GES3343] [BDB3732] [HAL3706]

הַ‎（הַ）

Hebrew｜ha｜the

---

Part-of-speech: article
Gender: not applicable
Number: not applicable
Person: not applicable
State: not applicable
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable

---

[e.ab.aa] [459]

---

[ה] [GES1804] [BDB2019] [HAL2031]

נָּגִ֤יד‎（נָגִיד）

Hebrew｜nnāḡˈîḏ｜chief

---

Part-of-speech: noun
Gender: masculine
Number: singular
Person: not applicable
State: absolute
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable

---

[H5057] [n.ar.ac] [1289b]

---

[נגיד] [GES4968] [BDB5555] [HAL5441]

לְ‎（לְ）

Hebrew｜lᵊ｜to

---

Part-of-speech: preposition
Gender: not applicable
Number: not applicable
Person: not applicable
State: not applicable
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable

---

[l.aa.ab] [1063]

---

[ל] [GES3706] [BDB4135] [HAL4089]

בֵית‎（בַּיִת）

Hebrew｜vêṯ-｜house

---

Part-of-speech: noun
Gender: masculine
Number: singular
Person: not applicable
State: construct
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable

---

[H1004] [b.bp.aa] [241]

---

[בית] [GES990] [BDB1071] [HAL1084]

יְהוּדָה֙‎（יְהוּדָה）

Hebrew｜yᵊhûḏˌā｜Judah

---

Part-of-speech: proper noun
Gender: unknown
Number: singular
Person: not applicable
State: absolute
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable

---

[H3063] [j.av.ai] [850c]

---

[יהודה] [GES2965] [BDB3308] [HAL3288]

לְ‎（לְ）

Hebrew｜lᵊ｜to

---

Part-of-speech: preposition
Gender: not applicable
Number: not applicable
Person: not applicable
State: not applicable
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable

---

[l.aa.ab] [1063]

---

[ל] [GES3706] [BDB4135] [HAL4089]

כֹ֣ל‎（כֹּל）

Hebrew｜ḵˈōl｜whole

---

Part-of-speech: noun
Gender: masculine
Number: singular
Person: not applicable
State: construct
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable

---

[H3605] [k.bn.ab] [985a]

---

[כל] [GES3499] [BDB3904] [HAL3872]

דְּבַר‎（דָּבָר）

Hebrew｜dᵊvar-｜word

---

Part-of-speech: noun
Gender: masculine
Number: singular
Person: not applicable
State: construct
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable

---

[H1697] [d.ai.ab] [399a]

---

[דבר] [GES1603] [BDB1811] [HAL1822]

הַ‎（הַ）

Hebrew｜ha｜the

---

Part-of-speech: article
Gender: not applicable
Number: not applicable
Person: not applicable
State: not applicable
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable

---

[e.ab.aa] [459]

---

[ה] [GES1804] [BDB2019] [HAL2031]

מֶּ֔לֶךְ‎（מֶלֶךְ）

Hebrew｜mmˈeleḵ｜king

---

Part-of-speech: noun
Gender: masculine
Number: singular
Person: not applicable
State: absolute
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable

---

[H4428] [m.cd.ab] [1199a]

---

[מלך] [GES4346] [BDB4848] [HAL4771]

וְ‎（וְ）

Hebrew｜wᵊ｜and

---

Part-of-speech: conjunction
Gender: not applicable
Number: not applicable
Person: not applicable
State: not applicable
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable

---

[f.ab.aa] [519]

---

[ו] [GES1991] [BDB2226] [HAL2241]

שֹׁטְרִ֥ים‎（NLG）

Hebrew｜šōṭᵊrˌîm｜register

---

Part-of-speech: verb
Gender: masculine
Number: plural
Person: unknown
State: absolute
Verbal tense: participle
Verbal stem: qal

---

[H7860] [v.ct.ab] [2374a]

הַ‎（הַ）

Hebrew｜ha｜the

---

Part-of-speech: article
Gender: not applicable
Number: not applicable
Person: not applicable
State: not applicable
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable

---

[e.ab.aa] [459]

---

[ה] [GES1804] [BDB2019] [HAL2031]

לְוִיִּ֖ם‎（לֵוִי）

Hebrew｜lᵊwiyyˌim｜Levite

---

Part-of-speech: adjective
Gender: masculine
Number: plural
Person: not applicable
State: absolute
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable

---

[H3881] [l.ax.ag]

---

[לוי] [GES3790] [BDB4225] [HAL4182]

לִ‎（לְ）

Hebrew｜li｜to

---

Part-of-speech: preposition
Gender: not applicable
Number: not applicable
Person: not applicable
State: not applicable
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable

---

[l.aa.ab] [1063]

---

[ל] [GES3706] [BDB4135] [HAL4089]

פְנֵיכֶ֑ם‎（פָּנֶה）

Hebrew｜fᵊnêḵˈem｜face

---

Part-of-speech: noun
Gender: masculine
Number: plural
Person: not applicable
State: absolute
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable

---

[H6440] [q.bu.ab] [1782a]

---

[פנה] [GES6365] [BDB7019] [HAL6956]

חִזְק֣וּ‎（חָזַק）

Hebrew｜ḥizqˈû｜be strong

---

Part-of-speech: verb
Gender: masculine
Number: plural
Person: second person
State: not applicable
Verbal tense: imperative
Verbal stem: qal

---

[H2388] [h.bs.aa] [636]

---

[חזק] [GES2325] [BDB2596] [HAL2592]

וַ‎（וְ）

Hebrew｜wa｜and

---

Part-of-speech: conjunction
Gender: not applicable
Number: not applicable
Person: not applicable
State: not applicable
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable

---

[f.ab.aa] [519]

---

[ו] [GES1991] [BDB2226] [HAL2241]

עֲשׂ֔וּ‎（עָשָׂה）

Hebrew｜ʕᵃśˈû｜make

---

Part-of-speech: verb
Gender: masculine
Number: plural
Person: second person
State: not applicable
Verbal tense: imperative
Verbal stem: qal

---

[H6213] [p.fy.aa] [1708]

---

[עשה] [GES6129] [BDB6780] [HAL6711]

וִ‎（וְ）

Hebrew｜wi｜and

---

Part-of-speech: conjunction
Gender: not applicable
Number: not applicable
Person: not applicable
State: not applicable
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable

---

[f.ab.aa] [519]

---

[ו] [GES1991] [BDB2226] [HAL2241]

יהִ֥י‎（הָיָה）

Hebrew｜yhˌî｜be

---

Part-of-speech: verb
Gender: masculine
Number: singular
Person: third person
State: not applicable
Verbal tense: imperfect
Verbal stem: qal

---

[H1961] [e.bf.aa] [491]

---

[היה] [GES1888] [BDB2113] [HAL2109]

יְהוָ֖ה‎（יהוה）

Hebrew｜[yᵊhwˌāh]｜YHWH

---

Part-of-speech: proper noun
Gender: masculine
Number: singular
Person: not applicable
State: absolute
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable

---

[H3068] [e.az.ae] [484a]

---

[יהוה] [GES2969] [BDB3312] [HAL3292]

עִם‎（עִם）

Hebrew｜ʕim-｜with

---

Part-of-speech: preposition
Gender: not applicable
Number: not applicable
Person: not applicable
State: not applicable
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable

---

[H5973] [p.dj.aa] [1640b]

---

[עם] [GES5903] [BDB6525] [HAL6448]

הַ‎（הַ）

Hebrew｜ha｜the

---

Part-of-speech: article
Gender: not applicable
Number: not applicable
Person: not applicable
State: not applicable
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable

---

[e.ab.aa] [459]

---

[ה] [GES1804] [BDB2019] [HAL2031]

טֹּֽוב‎（טֹוב）

Hebrew｜ṭṭˈôv｜good

---

Part-of-speech: adjective
Gender: masculine
Number: singular
Person: not applicable
State: absolute
Verbal tense: not applicable
Verbal stem: not applicable

---

[H2896] [i.ai.ab] [793a]

---

[טוב] [GES2794] [BDB3139] [HAL3113]

Jehú reprende a Josafat (19:1-3).
1 Josafat, rey de Judá, se volvió en paz a su casa, a Jerusalén. 2 Salióle al encuentro Jehú el vidente, hijo de Jananí, que dijo a Josafat: ¿Socorres al impío y ayudas a los que aborrecen a Yahvé? Por eso Yahvé está irritado contra ti. 3 Pero hay en ti buenas obras, porque has arrancado de la tierra las aseras y has puesto tu corazón en buscar a Yahvé.

Esta perícopa es propia del cronista. Jehú, hijo de Jananí (16:7), le reprocha haber ayudado a Ajab, rey impío y enemigo de Yahvé.

Reformas en la administración de justicia (19:4-11).
4 Habitaba Josafat en Jerusalén; pero salió a recorrer el reino desde Berseba hasta la montaña de Efraím para traerlos a todos a Yahvé, el Dios de sus padres. 5 Puso en la tierra jueces por todas las ciudades fuertes de Judá, de ciudad en ciudad, 6 y les dijo: Mirad lo que hacéis, porque no juzgáis en lugar de hombres, sino en lugar de Yahvé, que está cerca de vosotros cuando sentenciáis. 7 Sea, pues, sobre vosotros el temor de Yahvé, y cuidad de guardarlo, porque no hay en Yahvé, nuestro Dios, iniquidad ni acepción de personas, ni recibir cohecho. 8 Puso también Josafat en Jerusalén levitas, sacerdotes y jefes de las familias de Israel para que diesen a los habitantes el juicio de Yahvé y decidiesen las causas. 9 Les dio sus órdenes, diciendo: Haced en todo con temor de Yahvé, fielmente y con corazón perfecto. 10 En toda causa que venga a vosotros de vuestros hermanos que habitan en las ciudades, trátese de causas de sangre, de cuestiones de la Ley, de los mandamientos, ceremonias y preceptos, instruidlos para que no pequen contra Yahvé y caiga su cólera sobre vosotros y sobre vuestros hermanos, y así no pecaréis. 11 Amarías, sacerdote, os presidirá en toda causa tocante a Yahvé, y Zebadías, hijo de Ismael, príncipe de la casa de Judá, en las causas tocante al rey; tenéis entre vosotros a los levitas, que serán vuestros maestros. Esforzaos, pues, y a la obra, y que Yahvé sea con quien bien lo haga.

Instituyó tribunales locales en las principales ciudades del país; los jueces, junto con los sacerdotes, escribas y ancianos, representan la autoridad civil y religiosa (Deu_16:18ss; Deu_17:9; Deu_21:2). El tribunal supremo de Jerusalén estaba dotado de autoridad civil y religiosa (Deu_17:8-13). En sus juicios debían ser justos, obrando siempre con temor de Yahvé. Para las cuestiones religiosas será el sumo sacerdote el juez supremo; para las civiles, Zebadías; los levitas ejercerían el cargo de escribas.

Chapter XIX.

¹ Iehoshaphat, reproued by Iehu, visiteth his kingdome. ⁵ His instructions to the Iudges, ⁸ To the Priests and Leuites.
1 And Iehoshaphat the king of Iudah returned to his house in peace to Ierusalem.
2 And Iehu the sonne of Hanani the seer, went out to meete him, and sayd to king Iehoshaphat, Shouldest thou helpe the vngodly, and loue them that hate the Lord ? Therefore is wrath vpon thee from before the Lord.

[Iehoshaphat: His fast, and prayer.]

3 Neuerthelesse, there [ 2Ch_17:4 ; 2Ch_17:6 .] are good things found in thee, in that thou hast taken away the groues out of the land, and hast prepared thine heart to seeke God.
4 And Iehoshaphat dwelt at Ierusalem: and [ Hebrew: he returned and went out.] hee went out againe through the people, from Beer-sheba to mount Ephraim, and brought them backe vnto the Lord God of their fathers.
5 And he set Iudges in the land, throughout all the fenced cities of Iudah, city by city,
6 And said to the Iudges, Take heed what ye doe: for yee iudge not for man, but for the Lord, who is with you [ Hebrew: in the matter of iudgement.] in the iudgement.
7 Wherefore now, let the feare of the Lord be vpon you, take heed and doe it: for there is no [ Deu_10:17 ; Job_34:19 ; Act_10:34 ; Rom_2:11 ; Col_2:6 ; 1Pe_1:17 .] iniquitie with the Lord our God, nor respect of persons, nor taking of gifts.
8 Moreouer in Ierusalem did Iehoshaphat set of the Leuites, and of the Priests, and of the chiefe of the fathers of Israel, for the iudgement of the Lord, and for controuersies, when they returned to Ierusalem.
9 And hee charged them, saying, Thus shall yee doe in the feare of the Lord faithfully, and with a perfect heart.
10 And what cause soeuer shal come to you of your brethren that dwell in their cities, betweene blood and blood, betweene Law and Commandement, Statutes and Iudgements, yee shall euen warne them that they trespasse not against the Lord, and so wrath come vpon you, and vpon your brethren: this doe, & ye shall not trespasse.
11 And behold, Amariah the chiefe Priest is ouer you in all matters of the Lord, and Zebadiah the sonne of Ishmael, the ruler of the house of Iudah, for all the Kings matters: Also the Leuites shall be officers before you. [ Hebrew: take courage and doe.] Deale couragiously, and the Lord shalbe with the good.

Josafat de Judá. La narración del reinado de Josafat amplía y modifica el texto de 1Re_22:1-59 donde la figura del rey no es tan destacada. El Cronista desarrolla ampliamente la figura de Josafat en cuatro cuadros complementarios y opuestos que se van alternando: reforma religiosa y militar (17), batalla y victoria (18), reforma judicial (19), nueva victoria (20). Para realizar la reforma no se contenta con cortar abusos sino que emprende una campaña de instrucción catequética, por medio de predicadores y catequistas ambulantes (1Re_17:7-9). Las medidas militares están en continuidad con las tomadas por su padre, Asá. La reforma religiosa sirve de base a la reforma judicial. El eje de esta reforma judicial fue el cumplimiento de las disposiciones del Deuteronomio y los avisos de los profetas sobre los jueces (Deu_1:16s). En cuanto a las expediciones militares, la del capítulo 18 coincide con 1 Re 22, en cambio la del capítulo 20 es creación del autor. Su intención es didáctica: el Cronista está instruyendo a sus paisanos que confíen en el Señor, que no se mezclen en alianzas o en compromisos con otros pueblos, a ellos solo les toca contemplar cómo el Señor actúa en los sucesos y recibir el premio por su lealtad sin reservas; la fuerza no está en las armas sino en la protección de Dios, por eso 20,1-30 más que una batalla, parece un acto litúrgico: en la víspera el rey proclama un ayuno con asamblea litúrgica (20,3); en ella pronuncia una oración ante el pueblo y Dios responde con un oráculo, que los cantores corean con aclamaciones (20,4-19). A la mañana siguiente el rey pronuncia una arenga religiosa y organiza sus tropas como una procesión. Durante los cantos Dios desbarata al enemigo; los judíos suben a contemplar la derrota (20,20-29). La conclusión del reinado de Josafat (20,31-21,1) está tomada de 1Re_22:41-51 y en ella el fracaso de Josafat se atribuye a su alianza con el rey de Israel.

Las reformas judiciales de Josafat. Estos versículos parecen hacer juego con el cap. 17. Ninguno de los pasajes provienen de Rey., y ambos tienen que ver con los éxitos de Josafat, un rey bueno y grande como Salomón; este tiene que ver con su sabiduría en el área de gobernar. ¿Por qué han sido separados los dos pasajes? Quizá este proyecto es un intento de prevenir la ira que amenaza en 19:2; quizá la intención es mostrar otra semejanza con el relato de Asa en donde otra obra de reforma aparentemente siguió al mensaje profético (15:8-15).

Los vv. 6-10 en general están de acuerdo con las disposiciones de Deut. 16:18-17:13. El interés personal de Josafat en el asunto recuerda al de Samuel en 1 Sam. 7:15-17; y también brilla su propio carácter como una persona que se preocupa verdaderamente por el bienestar de su pueblo.

asunto de YHVH... Es decir, de la ley de Moisés;
asunto del rey... Es decir, de la justicia del reino;
procuradores... Esto es, secretarios judiciales, civiles o militares.

NOTAS

19:11 Esta distinción de lo religioso y lo profano refleja la influencia de Ezequiel.

Dios Habla Hoy 1996 Notes:

[1] 19.8 De los habitantes de: según versiones antiguas. Heb. y volvieron a.

— civiles: Lit. del rey, en contraposición a los asuntos religiosos o del Señor.

NOTAS

19:11 Esta distinción de lo religioso y lo profano refleja la influencia de Ezequiel.

[b] de carácter religioso … de carácter civil. Lit. del Señor … del rey.